If you're learning Mandarin, this is for you
Something not depressing for once, who would've thought. These notes are from my almost 200 pages long Chinese master-doc. I've been studying Mandarin for a bit over two years (as long as I've lived in Taiwan) and these are some of my own notes on this journey. There is Spanish on the notes too, sorry about that (or you're welcome?) and the format is a little... very fucked up in parts.
Existential journal excerpts shall resume shortly. In the meantime, enjoy! (Also, if you're also learning Mandarin please let's be pen-pals).
TLWR? Jump to Author's note.1
On ordering at a restaurant (oh, the dread)
(0)
“我要點菜/點菜”
(1)
– (有)兩個或是四個? – 兩個 – 那~要兩份
(2)
– 還要(點)什麼? – 這個/這樣 就好(了)
(3)
–我要買單
買單 (ㄇㄞˇ ㄉㄢ):pay for the sheet (ticket) — more used in the restaurant scene
結帳/賬(ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄓㄤˋ):also asking for the bill but more in the shopping scene because it sorta means you want to know the final number of how much you have to pay
(4)
載具(ㄗㄞˋ ㄐㄩˋ):pay by phone??? – los taiwas tienden a pronunciar (ㄗㄞˇ ㄐㄩˋ)
(5)
– 要幾個? – 一個就好/兩個。。。
(6)
– 蒜跟辣要嗎? – 都不要 (neg) 辣/蒜就好 (pos)
蒜(ㄙㄨㄢˋ):garlic
(7)split the bill
"要分開"
(8)using cash (lit)
"用現金 "
Idioms and other useful sentences/vocabulary
(1)
“掃到颱風尾” (ㄙㄠˇ ㄉㄠˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄈㄥ ㄨㄟˇ):tiene su chiripiorca
尾(ㄨㄟˇ):tail/rear
"pass over – (receive) – tifón – tail"
【2 was removed hehe】
(3)
“聽聲音的問題”
(4)
“大聲(的)說話”
(5)
"請先出示" (ㄑㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄔㄨ ㄕˋ) "please notify first"
(6)
(你們)趕快吃 ((entre amigos al comer 你們吃
(8)
(請問)這個有新的嗎? ((al comprar ropas cuando queres ver si tienen uno nuevo de un tipo que viste en el exhibidor
(9)"depends on his/her mood"
(要)看(他)心情
(11)cuando te ofrecen un asiento
不用(不用),我快下車 不用(不用) ,沒關係
(12)fun contractions !!
等一下(dea`dea // deixia // dexia)
我現在很忙 (woxia(i)`enman(g))
為什麼 (wenmㄜ)
不好意思 (boi-yi-sy)
(13)一般來說:generalmente
( eg. when someone says something ;; some sort of inquiry about something being a certain way— you can reply with a nod and 一般來說 ;; to say that yes, it's generally that way )
IMPORTANT but like... misc (I don't lnow why the formatting doesn't work here, I'm actually crying)
(1)want
“你要 ...?” “不用,謝謝。”
(2) context ??
“沒關係,我下一班”
(3) when retrieving packages
“拿包裹” bao1guo3 // give last name and 手機三號碼
(4)ordering food irl
-外帶 ; 内用
(5)ordering ice cream at 便利商店
A: “一個冰淇淋” B:“要餅乾或是杯子” A:“餅乾 / 杯子”
(6) asking someone to take your picture
“不好意思,可以幫我拍照嗎?” bang1 pai1zhao4
(7) “i will check my schedule”
“我看一下行事曆” “我查一下行事曆”
(8) often used in taiwan
for ‘week’ as a noun 禮拜 (li3bai4) > 星期 is used verbally BUT 周+num is used for writing for ‘day’ of a month 號 (hao4) is used verbally BUT 日(ri4) is used for writing
(9) have a nice trip
(祝你)旅途愉快! lǚtú yúkuài
(10)很-like words in daily use
滿 and 蠻 are used as adverbs that mean quite; pretty (like 很) in dialect also 挺(ting3)(adv): quite ;very;rather
(11)greetings
“好久不見” usually followed by “你最近怎(麽)樣?”
(12)when someone asks for you by name without knowing if its you; usually on the phone
A: 誰是。。。? / 賈小姐? B: 我就是 (said of self on the phone; “this is he speaking”)
(13) KEEP IN MIND
NO 沒關係 as 不會 -> 沒關係 is more for when they as you something and you can and will do it so you say that. 不會 is 不客氣.
NO 沒問題 as 不會 cuando te piden cosas -> if they say thanks and is someone your age just use 不會!!
NO REPETITION OF 不會 TO PEOPLE YOU DON’T KNOW 別客氣 / 不客氣 con gente vieja que conoces
(14)years in...
【 Nr + 年 + 以前 】years in the past
【 Nr + 年 + 以後 】years in the future
(15)a que hora por ahi?
“大概幾點?”
(16)cuantos grados
“幾度?”
“零下 NUMBER 度” tantos grados bajo cero
(17)
inicio del (1~10)月初(chu1); 年初
mitad del (11~20)月中 ; 年中
fin de (21~31)月底 ; 年底
todo el 全月 ; 全年
(18)
早起床: wake up early
晚起床: wake up late
(19)
健康保險 -> “健保” eg: 健保卡
(20)
訂位:to reserve a seat; to book a table; reservation
“我要訂位” ; “我(沒)有訂位”
【i removed 21】
(22)半天
lit. “a mitad del dia” (between 8 to 12hs)
cuando algo es muy largo, dura mucho tiempo
(23)【電子 + obj】
to say something is digital. eg: 電子書
(24) be quiet
“安靜一點”
(25)knife and fork
用刀叉吃 -> 刀叉 (dao1cha1)
【26 was removed 】
(27)薪水
時薪:hour pay
月薪:monthly pay
年薪:yearly pay
(28)combos by their number at mc (just use the machine lmao)
NUMBER (of the meal) + 套餐 (tao4can1)
(29)it depends on…
"要看"
(30)要不然
我喉嚨痛沒辦法唱歌,(要)不然我們去看電影吧。 我不想吃飯,(要)不然我們吃麵好不好? 我不想看鬼片,要不然看喜劇好了。
(31)
打包:llevar a casa lq no comiste todo en un restaurante “不好意思,這個可以打包嗎?”
(32)抱怨 - v. or n.
她常常抱怨薪水太少,卻從來不肯加班。 她抱怨作業太多。 她一邊擦指甲油,一邊抱怨男友。 等候許久的群眾開始大聲抱怨起來。 我不想再聽到她的抱怨了! 最近,客服部門常常接到顧客打來的抱怨。
(33)影響: influence, could either be a noun or verb
1.別讓你的工作影響你的心情。 Don’t let your job affect your emotions.
2.這次疫情的影響非常巨大。The influence of the pandemic situation is profound.
【34's formatting pissed me off】
(35)??
"如果沒有其他的事要討論我們就結束會議"
(36)好奇(adj): curious
CASE 1: 只說 “好奇” 應該是(簡略的表現)吧,
(jiǎnlüè biǎoxiàn)
Just saying "curious" should be a brief expression
甲:你為甚麼問我假日在幹嗎?
乙:好奇(而已)
CASE 2: 如果是在Facebook 這類平台上,版面下有人只說了“好奇”兩個字表示他希望樓主透露更多秘辛,並帶著 “期待聽到自己不知道的訊息” 的情緒也就是 “願聞其詳” 的意思
A說: 在東京買一間三房的公寓,其實可以不用花費200萬
B留言: 好奇~
CASE 3: “好奇一下”
「好奇問一下」的意思,用以表達自己對於提出這個問題有一些不好意思或讓提問語氣稍微委婉些。/ means to express that you are a little embarrassed to ask this question or to make the tone of the question a little more euphemistic
“好奇一下, 你功課這麼好,怎麼會來我們這樣的鄉下的地方唸書?”
“好奇一下, 你這麼可愛,一定很受歡迎吧?”
其實只是算發語詞,後面接任何問句基本上都可以成立。/ In fact, it is just an opening word, and it can basically be followed by any question sentence.
CASE 4: curious, to wonder
“我很好奇你是怎樣追到你女朋友的?”
“我很好奇他們是怎樣知道這個秘密的?”
“我好奇他做這件事的動機。”
“好奇心殺死一隻貓。”
(37) how to say A and B
甲 jia3 (for an unspecified person or thing)meaning the first, A
乙 yi3(for an unspecified person or thing)meaning the second, B
(38) text messages (facebook, line, etc)
訊息xun4xi1 (像LINE, wsp)
簡訊 jian3xun4 (mensajes con saldo)
傳簡訊 — 收到簡訊
傳chuan2:send
傳送訊息/接收訊息
留訊息
(39) “手機裡面沒有錢了”
V. 加值
加值的那張卡: “預付卡”
(40) phone bill
電話帳單 OR 電信費帳單
帳單 zhang4dan1: bill; check
(41) get well soon
祝你/希望能/請你 “早日康復” main expression (1)
請 is not used if said to a friend!
“希望能趕快好起來” (2)
“吃的健康” ; “多休息(一點)”;“多喝水” ; “(你)好好休息啊”
“祝你/希望你好好休息” ; “希望你恢復元氣了”
“天氣冷 , 別感冒了 , 要好好照顧自己 , 加油 !” (more of a cheer for cold times)
(42) all is well ??i’m fine
“我一切安好”
安好:safe and sound; well (literary adj)
(43) “那我就放心了”
(44)
“(真)希望(我/你/他)的計劃都能實現”
“祝你的計劃實現!”
(45) 大年 and 小年
references lunar years
大年:means the last month of the (lunar) year has 30 days
小年:means the last month of the (lunar) year has 29 days
大年 also a common name for 春節
(46) 換錢
1.cambiar de una moneda a otra
2.cuando queres que te sencillen tu plata
(47)
dicen 超商 para referirse a los 便利商店
(uncertain if this is true)
(48) methods of payment
pay w/ cash -> 付現(v) (“我要付現” / “要付現嗎?”)
credit card -> “要用信用卡(付款)”
(49) “搞什麽!”
informal and collq, hence it can be impolite if used with people you’re not close with. angry
use 1: ‘what are you doing?’ ‘what the hell?’ ‘what the hell are you doing?’ ‘what do you think you’re doing?’
這麼簡單的工作都做錯,你搞什麼!
use 2: 如果是自言自語則用來抱怨遇到的情況很無言。
有的人説是髒話,有的説不是,可是都同意非常不客氣。要小心
(50)借過 jie4guo4
when asking to go through people “借過一下”
(51) 宅女/宅男 (this is from HiNative)
宅男: 喜歡長時間待在家裡、不與人接觸、只喜歡透過網路看影片或是玩電腦遊戲的男生,"宅"原本是"住宅(=住處、房子的意思)"的宅,後來"宅"這個字變成一個形容詞。這樣的女生也可以形容為"宅女" 。通常帶有一些負面的意思表示這個人比較孤僻、不願意與人接處或交流、過度害羞內向,也可以自己形容自己為"我很宅"。"宅"這個字也有時候會被衍伸成動詞,用來形容這個人想要長時間留在家裡,可以說"他喜歡宅在家裡,都不要出門"
例如: “他總是喜歡坐在沙發上看電視,他很宅”
“想要找宅男一起去爬山是很困難的,因為他們不喜歡出門”
“有一群宅男宅女們在聊天,都是聊動畫漫畫的事情,我都不知道該怎麼聊這個主題”
(51) hope this helps you
“希望有幫助到你”
(52)有意思/沒有意思 is NOT natural
use 好玩 and 興趣 instead
Fuck was this hard to format... Fun fact, I hate my Engineering Major. Had I been born in a 'first world country' (read: one that at least mildly appreciates scholars and academics outside of STEM) I would've dedicated my life to linguistics. Alas! I was not and now I am going through a major I could not care less about. It is the price of a better (read: with more chances of being economically well-off) future. This is my little labor of love and I hope it can be useful to someone. Read my other stuff too, make a writer happy. Kisses!↩